The Four Horsemen IV: Contempt

Drs. John and Julie Gottman are psychologists and therapists who have focused on the study of marriage for over four decades. John Gottman with a partner has studied thousands of couples and is famous for being able to predict with over 90%  certainty what a couple’s happiness level will be in three years AND whether or not a couple will divorce - after an interview lasting only a hour. Even after 15 minutes their prediction success rate was over 80%, and after 3 minutes they were still in the 70% range. They have broken down and analyzed their findings and have come up with four communication styles that they call “the four horsemen” because they can usher in a relationship apocalypse. They are: criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling and contempt.

Contempt

The final - and worst - of the four horsemen is contempt. Gottman’s forty years of research shows it to be the sign that, if present, is the most sure sign that divorce is impending or imminent. The top dictionary definition of contempt is “The feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn.” No wonder it is a bad sign if present in a marriage relationship! It can be caused by long standing negative thoughts, perhaps rooted in displeasure at certain behaviors but it is often expressed as attacks on the person. Contempt can manifest in a multitude of ways: insults and name calling, sneering, eye rolling, sarcasm and mean humor but all of them - at their core - express superiority and distaste, derision or even disgust. Simply stated, contempt is viewing someone and behaving towards them as if they are lesser, and you yourself are greater in comparison. 

The bible of course warns against behaving thus. Paul writes in Romans 12:3

For by the grace given me I say to every one of you: Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought, but rather think of yourself with sober judgment, in accordance with the faith God has distributed to each of you.

Contempt sets up an adversarial relationship where a cooperational one should be. While it is directed at others, it hurts one’s self as well. Studies have shown that people in contemptuous relationships are more prone to illness and more stressed. It erodes health of all types - physical, emotional, and psychological.

If contempt is poison to a marriage, the anti-venom is two fold.

The first part of the ‘cure, as with most problems in relationships, is communication. Specifically, one must communicate their feelings about the behaviors that are causing consternation. If bottled up they can lead to disdain towards the other party as a person. It must be stated honestly and openly, and often. Both spouses must maintain an open dialogue so that issues can be discussed and hopefully resolved before they fester. Left unspoken these feelings can grow into problems so big they are not easily solved. Be very careful to state how you feel, how you are affected and not state how their actions are a problem, or how they are “wrong.” 

As important as an atmosphere of openness is part two: a culture of admiration and fondness. Strive always to remember the things about your spouse that caused you to fall in love with them in the first place! The Gottmans found in their research that couples who viewed their shared history positively were strengthened and protected against the effects of contempt. Reminisce! Focus on the good things, the fun times, and even on struggles you overcame together! Think of how you view your past in terms of Paul’s words in Phillipians 4:8

Finally, beloved, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is pleasing, whatever is commendable, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things.

Ellie Lisitsa, an author with the Gottman Institute puts it thus:

“Although happy couples will feel frustrated at times by their partner’s personality flaws, they still feel that their partner is worthy of honor and respect.”

We are ALL flawed. We are human, finite and imperfect. Remember that you are in need of grace before attacking your spouse personally after judging their behavior. Christ calls us to emulate him; forgive as you also need forgiveness, show grace as you also need it.

Always focus on the fact that you and your spouse are in this thing called life TOGETHER.